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Complete prerequisites first ([PRE-01](PRE-01) → [PRE-08](PRE-08) minimum) before running these tests. Go to prerequisites

Verify golden image import and PVC clone
Create and boot first VM from template (RHEL 9)

Masquerade uses OVN-K over eno2/br-ex — no bridge setup required

VM live migration (SNO: expected failure)

NOT POSSIBLE on SNO — live migration requires ≥2 nodes. Documented as an expected failure.

Create VM snapshots and perform restore

Test on local storage

Clone VM and use as template (Golden VM pattern)
Pod network (masquerade) and VM access via Service

Optimal for single-NIC — OVN-K over eno2/br-ex, no bridge setup required

VM directly reachable on LAN (OVN-K localnet) -- ⚠ HETZNER TOS VIOLATION

✗ NOT TESTABLE ON HETZNER -- TOS violation! OVN-K localnet works technically (verified 30.06.2026: ping successful), but any VM MAC that reaches eno2/the physical switch via this interface is detected and reported by Hetzner as an unauthorised MAC (server suspension threatened). Only the registered server MAC is permitted.

SR-IOV – high-performance networking (HW missing)

✗ NOT TESTABLE — SR-IOV requires a dedicated second NIC (Intel X710, Mellanox ConnectX). The sole NIC eno2 is consumed by OVN-K and cannot be used for SR-IOV VFs.

Test VLAN isolation — VMs in separate software bridges

Variant A uses pure software bridges br-net1/2/3 (port: []) — no VM MAC leaves eno2/the physical switch, no TOS risk. Variant B (on-premises, trunk port) is relevant only with your own switch.

Start three VMs: VM-A and VM-B on the same network (br-net1/NAD: net1-bridge), VM-C on a different network (br-net2/NAD: net2-bridge).

Test 1 (communication): VM-A pings VM-B — must succeed.

Test 2 (isolation): VM-A pings VM-C — must time out.

Prerequisites checklist

Confirm these before running steps:

1Step 1 — Verify software bridges (NOT bridge link — shows nothing for Variant A!):
oc debug $NODE -- chroot /host ip link show type bridge
→ br-net1, br-net2, br-net3 (State DOWN/NO-CARRIER = correct, no physical port)
oc get nnce
→ sno-software-bridges: Available
2Step 2 — Check NADs:
oc get networkattachmentdefinition.k8s.cni.cncf.io -n vmtest
→ net1-bridge
→ net2-bridge
→ net3-bridge
3Step 3 — Create three VMs (Commands / YAML tab):
default (masquerade) → for virtctl ssh tunnel
net1/net2 (bridge) → for the actual VLAN isolation test
vm-net1-a: masquerade + net1-bridge (= first 'VLAN', subnet 192.168.10.x)
vm-net1-b: masquerade + net1-bridge (= same network, subnet 192.168.10.x)
vm-net2-c: masquerade + net2-bridge (= different 'VLAN', subnet 192.168.20.x)
4Step 4 — Start VMs and wait for Running:
oc get vmi -n vmtest -w
5Step 5 — Log into VM-A and set IP on enp2s0 (enp1s0 = masquerade, enp2s0 = net1-bridge):
virtctl ssh fedora@vm/vm-net1-a -n vmtest -i $HOME/.ssh/ocp-vm-key
sudo ip addr add 192.168.10.10/24 dev enp2s0 && sudo ip link set enp2s0 up
6Step 6 — Log into VM-B and set IP on enp2s0:
virtctl ssh fedora@vm/vm-net1-b -n vmtest -i $HOME/.ssh/ocp-vm-key
sudo ip addr add 192.168.10.11/24 dev enp2s0 && sudo ip link set enp2s0 up
7Step 7 — Log into VM-C and set IP on enp2s0:
virtctl ssh fedora@vm/vm-net2-c -n vmtest -i $HOME/.ssh/ocp-vm-key
sudo ip addr add 192.168.20.10/24 dev enp2s0 && sudo ip link set enp2s0 up
8Step 8 — TEST 1 (communication): In VM-A: ping 192.168.10.11 → packets arrive (VM-B, same network)
9Step 9 — TEST 2 (isolation): In VM-A: ping 192.168.20.10 → timeout (VM-C, different network)
10Step 10 — Optional, deeper verification: tcpdump on node via toolbox (Commands / YAML tab) — the ping tests in steps 8/9 already prove isolation sufficiently
11Step 11 — Cleanup: OPTIONAL — do NOT delete if you still plan to run TC-MLB-005 (MetalLB + bridge isolation), which reuses vm-net1-a/vm-net1-b/vm-net2-c. If deleting: remove all three VMs
Inter-VLAN routing via router VM (br-net1 ↔ br-net2)

purely internal software bridges br-net1/br-net2 (port: []) — no VM MAC leaves the node

VM with 3 Network Interfaces (Management + Data + Storage)
OVN-Kubernetes UserDefinedNetwork (Layer2 Overlay)

UserDefinedNetwork with Layer2 topology is a pure overlay (encapsulated Geneve tunnel within OVN-K) — explicitly NOT localnet, so no VM MAC leaves the node.

⚠️ DEDICATED NAMESPACE REQUIRED: see NOTE below.

Verify MetalLB Basic Functionality

2 Pools: internal-pool binds to br-net1 — external-pool binds to eno2, requires a 2nd public IP

Expose VM Services via MetalLB (SSH)

external-pool uses a provider-registered additional IP (e.g. Hetzner Additional IP); MetalLB speaker announces with the node's own MAC.

⚠️ SHARED RESOURCE: external-pool currently has only ONE IP — Clean up after this test (delete vm-ssh-lb) before starting TC-HCP-002

MetalLB BGP Mode with Router Peering

⚠️ NOT usable by default on the current SNO cluster: there is no customer-controlled router in the path for peering. Left for documentation purposes and future tests.

Multiple IP Pools and Namespace Isolation
MetalLB + Isolated Software Bridges: LB IPs per Bridge Interface

L2Advertisement explicitly binds to br-net1/br-net2 — ARP announcements stay node-internal.

Verify HyperShift Operator and MCE

Single-NIC OK — HyperShift pods use the OVN-K pod network.

⚠️ Check Pod/Node Capacity before starting TC-HCP-002 — see steps below.

Create Hosted Cluster with KubeVirt provider

⚠️ SNO EXAMPLE INSTALLATION: --control-plane-availability-policy SingleReplica is mandatory on a single-node cluster.

Scale NodePool and change VM flavour

⚠️ Be sure enough compute resources are available on the SNO node before starting this test.

Remove Hosted Cluster cleanly (destroy)
DataVolume import from multiple sources

Import over OVN-K — bandwidth is shared with OCP traffic on eno2/br-ex in this cluster

Create VM backup with OADP
Restore VM from OADP backup

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